Mathematical symbols are essential tools used to express complex concepts in a clear and concise way.
This comprehensive table features 100 commonly used math symbols, including arithmetic operators, logic symbols, set theory notation, calculus signs, trigonometric functions, and Greek letters.
Each symbol is presented with its name and a brief explanation of its meaning or use, making it an ideal resource for students, educators, and math enthusiasts.
Understanding these symbols is crucial for solving equations, analyzing data, and interpreting mathematical texts accurately.
This educational reference simplifies learning and provides a quick way to identify symbols during study or problem-solving.
By exploring our math symbols table, you can enhance your mathematical literacy and gain confidence in applying formulas and calculations effectively.
| # | Symbol | Name | Meaning / Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | + | Plus | Addition |
| 2 | – | Minus | Subtraction |
| 3 | × | Multiplication | Multiplication |
| 4 | ÷ | Division | Division |
| 5 | = | Equals | Equality |
| 6 | ≠ | Not equal | Inequality |
| 7 | < | Less than | Comparison |
| 8 | > | Greater than | Comparison |
| 9 | ≤ | Less than or equal | Inequality |
| 10 | ≥ | Greater than or equal | Inequality |
| 11 | ± | Plus-minus | Uncertainty / Variation |
| 12 | ∞ | Infinity | Unbounded value |
| 13 | √ | Square root | Root of a number |
| 14 | ∛ | Cube root | Cube root of a number |
| 15 | ∑ | Summation | Sum of a series |
| 16 | ∏ | Product | Product of a series |
| 17 | ∫ | Integral | Integral of a function |
| 18 | ∂ | Partial derivative | Partial differentiation |
| 19 | ≈ | Approximately equal | Approximation |
| 20 | ∝ | Proportional to | Proportionality |
| 21 | ° | Degree | Angles / Temperature |
| 22 | π | Pi | Mathematical constant ~3.14159 |
| 23 | ∠ | Angle | Geometry |
| 24 | ∇ | Del / Nabla | Gradient / Vector calculus |
| 25 | ∴ | Therefore | Logical conclusion |
| 26 | ∵ | Because | Logical reasoning |
| 27 | ∈ | Element of | Set membership |
| 28 | ∉ | Not element of | Set membership |
| 29 | ∪ | Union | Set union |
| 30 | ∩ | Intersection | Set intersection |
| 31 | ⊂ | Proper subset | Subset of a set |
| 32 | ⊃ | Proper superset | Superset of a set |
| 33 | ∅ | Empty set | Set with no elements |
| 34 | ℕ | Natural numbers | Set of natural numbers |
| 35 | ℤ | Integers | Set of integers |
| 36 | ℚ | Rational numbers | Set of rational numbers |
| 37 | ℝ | Real numbers | Set of real numbers |
| 38 | ℂ | Complex numbers | Set of complex numbers |
| 39 | ∈fty | Infinity | Limitless value |
| 40 | ∠ | Angle | Geometric angles |
| 41 | ⊥ | Perpendicular | Right angle / perpendicular lines |
| 42 | ∥ | Parallel | Parallel lines |
| 43 | ° | Degree | Angles or temperature |
| 44 | ′ | Minute | Angle measurement (minutes) |
| 45 | ″ | Second | Angle measurement (seconds) |
| 46 | ⊕ | Direct sum / XOR | Algebra / logic |
| 47 | ⊗ | Tensor / Cross product | Linear algebra / vector operations |
| 48 | ∴ | Therefore | Logical conclusion |
| 49 | ∵ | Because | Logical reasoning |
| 50 | ⇒ | Implies | Logical implication |
| 51 | ⇔ | If and only if | Logical equivalence |
| 52 | ∃ | There exists | Existential quantifier |
| 53 | ∀ | For all | Universal quantifier |
| 54 | ∅ | Empty set | Set with no elements |
| 55 | ∪ | Union | Union of sets |
| 56 | ∩ | Intersection | Intersection of sets |
| 57 | ⊂ | Subset | Part of a set |
| 58 | ⊃ | Superset | Contains a set |
| 59 | ⊆ | Subset or equal | Subset relation |
| 60 | ⊇ | Superset or equal | Superset relation |
| 61 | ∝ | Proportional to | Direct proportion |
| 62 | ∞ | Infinity | Unbounded limit |
| 63 | ∼ | Similar to / Approximately | Geometric similarity / approximation |
| 64 | ≅ | Congruent / Approximately equal | Geometry / approximation |
| 65 | ≈ | Approximately equal | Approximation |
| 66 | ≡ | Identically equal | Equality in algebra |
| 67 | ∇ | Nabla / Del | Gradient / vector calculus |
| 68 | Δ | Delta | Change / Difference |
| 69 | ∂ | Partial derivative | Calculus |
| 70 | ′ | Prime | Derivative / notation |
| 71 | ″ | Double prime | Second derivative / notation |
| 72 | ! | Factorial | Product of integers |
| 73 | |x| | Absolute value | Magnitude |
| 74 | ⌈x⌉ | Ceiling | Smallest integer ≥ x |
| 75 | ⌊x⌋ | Floor | Largest integer ≤ x |
| 76 | mod | Modulo | Remainder of division |
| 77 | log | Logarithm | Logarithmic function |
| 78 | ln | Natural logarithm | Logarithm base e |
| 79 | sin | Sine | Trigonometric function |
| 80 | cos | Cosine | Trigonometric function |
| 81 | tan | Tangent | Trigonometric function |
| 82 | cot | Cotangent | Trigonometric function |
| 83 | sec | Secant | Trigonometric function |
| 84 | csc | Cosecant | Trigonometric function |
| 85 | arcsin | Inverse sine | Trigonometric inverse |
| 86 | arccos | Inverse cosine | Trigonometric inverse |
| 87 | arctan | Inverse tangent | Trigonometric inverse |
| 88 | ∫ | Integral | Calculus |
| 89 | ∮ | Contour integral | Complex analysis |
| 90 | lim | Limit | Calculus limit |
| 91 | Σ | Summation | Sum of sequence |
| 92 | Π | Product | Product of sequence |
| 93 | ∇² | Laplacian | Vector calculus |
| 94 | ⇒ | Implies | Logic |
| 95 | ⇐ | Implied by | Logic |
| 96 | ⇔ | If and only if | Logical equivalence |
| 97 | ∴ | Therefore | Logical conclusion |
| 98 | ∵ | Because | Logical reasoning |
| 99 | ℵ₀ | Aleph-null | Countable infinity |
| 100 | ∗ | Asterisk / Convolution | Multiplication / special operations |